Ship construction.



J. R. OLDHAI.

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logolaal 1,020,305. Sl-IIl CONSTRUCTION.

sizrirll.. OLoiiaM, Cleveland, Ohio.

' Dec. 23,'1910. `Serial No. 599,041. Fo all whom it may concern:

I Be it known that l, Josarii R. Damiani, aA citizen of the United States. residing at (leveland. in the county of Cuyahoga 'aiul State of Ohio, have invented certain new andi useful Improvements in Ship Constructions, i of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of steel ships or vessels, especially those ofi great lengt and breadth; as it seems that la rge vessels of the future will have a greater ratio of length and breadth in proportion 'llie teiulency of this relative increase is to augment the tensile stress on the upper partofl hull and to increase the compressive stress on the lower part of hirll. 'l`o efliciently ret sist this increase it seems desirable to increase the members primarily contributing to the longitudinal stitlening of the hull. 4

To economically accomplish this desid` erata, with stronger transverse members, i than are generally adopted in shi a ennstructed on what is denominated the origini- Filed dnal svsteiti, is one object ol iii'v invention. l moreover. :is great length and breadth tend Iflowcr the center of gravitiI nbnorinallv: another olicct is to raise this center ty; means of up er water-ballast tanks or cliamg bers. and to increase the, strength of the linll ith the construction of these compartments. `\iithoritative exception has been taken both u ith reference to classic and modern longitudinal .ship-constriictions. on the ground that the transverse strength has been unduly v'unpaired h r too much eiittiug or notehing of thtl lrausierse web-frame bars and margins of plates. to secure, or mantain. thc onimpaired .strength of the longitudinal frames or git-ders.

l`he primary object, therefore of my inp wntion is to maintain the full strength. of the bars of the transverse web frnines or i arched gil-ders, while only1 slightly weakening the structure by perforating the wehplates to secure direct skin or metallic con-V oections for my longitudinal fraaie or' girdcr liars. which are-slightly notched to admit, or to passA over, the web plate inargius and liars. l also increase the strength ot thi` sides and the upper bottom, by inner, and upper, longitudinal bars respectively, and l further suiport the water ballast. tanks beneath the (leek stringcr plates in the opper wings, and strengthen the decks by augmenting the strength of the arched git-ders about their central portion and by ltngitudinal plates or bars -attached lto a girder deck. and to the main deck, which is supported by notched longitiidinals and by t perforated transverse girder web plates with `solid bars.

gplatcs, to which they are stronglyattached.

(ln the inner mar in of these webflramesz` solid longitudinal ars are attached, and tn these is .secured the inner skin. extending fore and aft throughout the holds, down on a line nearly perpendicular to the bottom: the lower plates of this inner skin bein connected to the shell and made strong and watertight by bars and plates which form a part of the structure of the oiitcr walls of the double bottom. The inner skin will support and strengthen the upper water ballast chambers.

This invention may be said to consist in the novel construction and combination of parts hereinafter described and illustrated iy the accoiupanyin drawings, which indicate one firm by w lich my invention may 1 be carried into ell'ect.

Figure t, represents a transverse view of t a hulk cargo vessel with ballast tanks in the jiipper wings, supported by an inner skin,

ported h v an intermediate transverse web Fig.

i il and a double bottom willi longitiidinals supl it plate. is also a transverse section showing a maiii transverw web frame and ,i iirclied girder, with a girdcr deck between pairs of hntchways and iin roved side wir ter ballast compartments. "ig Il, is a partial lougitiuliiial .section .showing a transverse bulkhead` web frames, arched girdcrs and ii deep double bottom having water ballast, tanks. lti". t, is a fragmentary liorizontal section showings the perforatious of l the. main transverse uch plates, a notched. or slotted longitudinal mcmhcr, a strength i citing or filling bar, and au inner longitudiiiiil member connected to the inner skin. i Fig. 5, is a fragmentary view of an arched girder 4plate crforated for the reception of the notched longitudiuals, and punched for brackets. Fig. 6, is a vertical section near the. center of an arched girder plate. l"i 4r. 7, is a fra,f.,fine c.taryr view between a i pair of liatchw ys showin the raised girdcr deck, which is supported )y continuous and intercostal longitudinal dates and hars, and .a transverse deck girilcr riveted tliercto` with an arched git-dcr perforated for the notched and ahuttcd longitudinals fitted below. l"ig. 8, is a fragincntiinv longitudinal .section of sinne. Fig. fl. is a fragmentaryA view of a main transverse weh phite before the bars are titled, `showing pcrforations for the reception of alternately notched longitudinals, and bracket rivet holes for .securing the ends of abittcd longitndiuals. li`ig.

IO, is a fra inentary section showing a notched longitudinal and llm 'foratefl -web plate attached to the shell p ating. l* ig. 11,- is a fra mentar transverse section showing the note ed,ani thcends of the abutteil lon itudinals, respectively, web-plate and bars, rackebplate' and stren thening bars. jug. 12, shows joggled she plate connections, intermediate transverse girder and lmtt cover plate, or bar, connecting the upper. bottom plates, between the longitui inal members. Fig. 18, is a sectional view showing longitudinal members secured by bracket plates; also ties or struts. Fig. 14, shows a jog led bar.

bimilar letters refer to similar parts throughout; the several views.

In this novel construction the dekot' the shi or vessel is miirked A. The raised deck B, ibctween pairs ot' hatchways. 'lhc shell or skin, formin the sido walls and bottom.`

plates C. The tttun, or outer bottoni 1). Ihe upper bottom E, is supported h v longitudinally extending hars resting on, and secured to the unnotehed and un ierforateil n r ed e of transverse web p ates with i Ppe g vertical t tplates scoured to their ends and to the inner these longitu Ai'natii and 4 themgtghed longi adinet framesI riveted to I Vbars F, and is further secured b bars (i, embracin the lower bottoni (D), and renner-ted tol tho transverse members hiv bracket plates= and bars ll. 'l`he upper wing chambers are marked l. Side water ballast chambers J. Double bottom chambers K. Arched irdi-rs l.. Giiiler, water ballast, deck clianibers M.

'l`bo longitudinal trames or girilers, which I ma.' rall |ongitndinals," are marked lN, und t io solid longitudinal iuembers n. 'l be notches in the longitudinale are marked t). l rt'orations ot' p|ates,elear ofthe hars and near to the-ruiter margins of plates, l. Strengthening. o'r tilting bars, within thai pertoi'utions. Q. Juggling of shell plating 1 it. The inner skin is designated la'. 'lhe main transverse members, umile u of bars 'F anil plates U, are called wei-fiiinies. 'llie intermediate transverse members hetween the web frames,- are marked V. Krelson lates lV. Shelf plates X. Joggled angl:i bar Y. llato liners Z. Transverse bulkhead .7.

M web plates are. not notched, but have solii'lyniargins for the full molded depth of the. solid, or uncut, frame bars, and in sonic rases a littlel more, for when the shell plates are neither ioggled nor doubled, the web plates may project outward t'o ctlect contact willi and secure direct metiillic conoce.` tion with the outside strokes of shell, or deck plating, by means of an angle har which may be, joggled over the inside strakes. ll'lien the outside strokes are doubled in wav plating. Between the main web of the transverse bulklieads, these will' be equipped with double bulkhead-frame bars in the usual manner, and be bracketed to the longitudinal members so as to etliciently connect them with the decks and to the shell frames are fit-ted the intermediate transverse frames; these do not extend to the outer or inner skins, but only between the longitudinal members, and are neither notched nor Iperforated buthave unbroken margins fitted wit-h angle bars, to which the longitudinal members, both outer and inner, are connected, and they are further braced transversely by bars extending from skin to skin, and from the. lower to the upper bottoms. and may he, bracketed at their ends. In small vessels. or when the double bottom, or sido web plates, are not required to be very deep or broad, these intermediate transverse members may economically be formed or constructed. of deep channel bars strongly secured to the longitudinal members by ver.- .tica l, horizontal, transverse, or diagonal hars connecting the outer and inner longitudinal imeinbers, and they may have bracket or knee `iiikiunandto the keelsons: The moment of inertia being so much greater with my webframe and arched girder bars and plate margins uuuotebed; I eau al'ord to giro these l members wider s nicing than is common auil ellicientlv resist t ie tluid pressures and beurting moments. l-n the annexed drawings, l show these about twenty four feet apart, this being the original hatehway spacing on the Great. Lakes. lint these main web frames, and arched girders, iuav he spared from about ten lecty to about thirty fltf; and there may be from one to three intermediate transverse members between pairs of main web frames. or between a lnain web. frame and a transverse bulkhead. in thel drawings l have shown these intermediates. spaced about six feet. apart.: but this sparing may vary greatly according to the size, form, and arrangements of the other strut tural elements.

In the annexed drawings, the erforations near to the plate margins. for tliereee ition of the longitiidinals, ai'eof rertangulariorm, but these cuttings, or periorations may partake of the shape of the bars of which the longitudiuals are constructed, so long as the notes are sutlicientty large to permit of the tongitudinals assing freely through them at a considerable angle, while framing the ship, to that at which they will be tinaltil placed and riveted to the shell, stringers or deck plating, and bulkhends; the excess of space, fully equal to the molded de ith ofthe transverse frame, or deck-fiume liars, will be closed by a strengthening. or illing bar.

i,oeo.ees. The lon itiidinal frames or grder hars will he of buiib angles, Z bars, or of ba rs of other suitable section. In the annexed drawings yI have adopted the channel har section almost throu hout. These may be of any practicable ength, according to the spacing of the transverse bnlkheads, which spacing may vary.' from about fifty feet to about' one hundred feet, but these longitudinal units will seldom require to exceed sixty feet in any hold to secure connection between pairs of transverse bulkheads, and there may he from one to three longitudinal frames, or girders, or deek-frames to each strake of plating; in the annexed plans inost of the plating is supported and stitl'encd, by two ongitudinals, ut the keel and sheer strokes are frequently adequately supported hy the usual keelson and stringer lates and hars, respectively'. The longitudinal fraaie bars at. or about their mid-length, when there is only one main web frame between a pair of transverse bulkheads,-or at other points when there is a plurality of main web frames in a. lioldt-have about. one fourth, or one third, of their outer or upper section ent away, this "I call notcheih to adapt them to pass out or over, the web frame or arched girder bars, so as to secure contact and metallic connection with the skin and deck Phtns- This otehinamsniepf semior at eitlierside, will aluit on that transverse traine and be strongly attached thereto by liriu'lv'ets or knee plates, lunged or titled u'itli liars. I terni ii shift ot' butts between thc transierse linlliheads. 'lo inake this shift of lauts- Inore etlieient the longitudinals may i' pass through pert'orations in tlie interniediy.

ate partial transverse bulkhead lplate inaln.mm is (lceignml to extend eontnumh".

'l`lie slight weakenineP of the longitudinale i i "m'ghmt the mms '"l t'iclwmny imm by |iotrliinf1,is at least piii'tl compensated by l the tilting har, or bythe brac (et or knee plates 3 'lhese will contributo largely in gins elear of the transverse web rnnnl liars.

und liars-i. resisting the stresses horno h v the lougi tiuliiials whieh may abut on the web frames, and on the transverscluilklieadswitlibracket connections thereto. To further strengthen the longitudinnls, instead of the usual traine plato liners` broad plate liners, ta ering to the ed es of the plates above and ielow, or on cit ier side, inay be fitted outside of the notelies or the nbutuients of the longitudinals. The inner and upper longitudinal iiieiulieini` eoiineeted to the lower surface of the inner skin, to the girder deck, and to thc upper bottom, which are not. arranged to pass through pcrfoi'ations in the transverse inenibers, and which I call solid longitudinals, will be strongly connected to these transverse members, to the notched longitudinals, and to the transversebulklieads by angle bars and by bracket. or knee plates. Ordinary ballast tanks in the upper wines have frequently given trouble through lea age; this was at least partly due to lack of ellieient longitudinal stitcning when the transverse bnlkheads were widely spaced.

My ballast tanks in the upper-wings are supported by strong longitudinal bars connected with cpartial bulkheads within thesechambers, an with the support and continuation of the inner skin vertically below, stitl'encd by broad transverse, and by solid longitudinal members, there should be no danger of leakage'due to straining. 'Ihese chambers may be further supported bv decks strengthened by double longitudinal members near to the quarter breadth, thc girder decks having deep and continuous longitudinal girders secured to the inain deck over the notched longitudinals at the sides of liatchways, with intercnstal longitudinale i anden transverse girdcr over the arched irder, between pairs of hatcliwa s. Or in ieu of this irder-deck, tubular girders (M) depending rom the main deck mair be consie "i n'li i l y Hm "um" h i mi l t tient, horizontal or diagonal bars and knee plates. l

s tictcd. The hatches may be of any ef- E ticient arrangement, nuuiher. or form. As

there is a redundancy ot .strength.supplied by the plating of the outer aint inner, or

| upper bottoni, I do not continue in) transi verse. members, cxeopt bulklieuds, or watertight divisions, up to the upper bottoni, but l oiilv to the under, or inner edge of the solid longitudinal nienibers, wliieh are strongly eonneeteil to the transverse ineinbei's hv ver- 'l'liese transverse nieniliers spun tho iottoni from the renter keelson to the lower itin-n ot' bilgesI and eonneet to the lower plates of the. inner Iskin. 'l'liis novel ennstein to stern of the vessel, but, when desired, it may be discontinued at. the after end of the holds, or even at the bow, and the faiuilar rinse-spaced transverse traine, hohl beam and pillar system, he adopted in the stringere construction of the stern and bows, due rei gard bein lind to a proper arrangement of l igor etliciently scraping the old systeni onto this novel structural device.

I do not wish to be limited as to structural details, as these may be modified in many particulars without departing froni the spirit of my invention. Ilaving now fully described uiy inveni tion, what I claim isz- 5, 1. In a ship or vessel eonstruet'ion, trans- 'i verse web plates having perforatious` near their outer mar ins, longitudinal franics or girders, notchedg at intervals adapted to be inserted in the perforations of the webv plates, the uncut outer margins of the web plates and bars seated in the notches of the longitudinal frames, the edges of said frames i or girders being brought; to a position in contact with the shell or deck plating, or flush with the edges of the web plates; filling bars inserted in the perforations abreast of the notches in the longitudinal frames or girders transverse angle bars and bracket plates or seciirin said parts together, substantially as and or the purpose set forth.

2. In ship construction, transverse web plates having perforatons near their outer margins clear of the web fraine liars, longitiuliiial girders, or franies, notched at their luid-length. adapted taba inserted in the perforations of the web ilates, the uncut outer margins of the 'web late and bars seated in the notches of the longitudinal franies orl irders, thecdges of said frames or git-ders icing brought to a position flush with the edges of the web plates, or in contact with the skin and deck plating; filling bara in sorted in the .rforations abreast of tlie\ notches in the liiongitudinal frames or girdors, transverse and vertical bars and -bracket platea for securing said parts together sub. stantlllytss and for the purpose specified,-

t. lu a navigable vessel. a plurality of continuous, notched and abiitted, longit|idinal franics or gli-ders. appropriately Ispaced transversely and vertically of the hull to support the shell and decks, transverse web A 't'ifln vessel consti-action, the combination of transverse arched girdersanrl transverse .web frames having perforations near their outer margins, longitudinal frames or gird- Aers notched at. intervals adapted to be iniserted in the pcrforations of the arched girders and web frames and being brought to a position in contactI with the shell and i, deck plating; solid -iippcr and inner longitudiiial members supporting the upper bottom aiid the inner skin, filling bars, transverse and vertical an Vle bars and bracket plates for securing sait parts together substantially as shown and described.

'6. in a steel shi with a double botto the combination o a inan deck supported by transverse arched girders having perf rations near their iippper margins .and'below their upper angle bars, longitudinal deck frames or girders notched at intervals iidiipted to be inserted in the arched girder plates and arched girder plates perforated clear of their angle bars near their u iper and outer inargins respectively, adapter for t the reception ot' said longitudinal girders to t bring thciu into direct contact with thc shell and 'li-cli' plating for riveting thereto` lll ing bars. anglc liars and bracket plates for l securing said parts together substantially as and for the purpose set forth. i

I. lu a bulk cargo vessel, without hohl I beains or pillars. tlic combination of transverse web frame bars with web plates having perforations-near their outer margins. longitudiual frames or girilcrs notched at iiiicrvuli-i, adapted to be inserted in the perforations of the web plates willi their bars seated in the notches'of the lingitiidinnl frames or irders, said girdcrs being nioved 5 out over tlie bars land plate margins to se* cui-e direct connection with thc sheltand deck plating, filling bars inserted in the perforations abreast of the notches in the longi tiidinal frames or girders, iinpcrforatcd, or solid, intermediate web frames, perforated transverse arched girders, brackets and knee plates and connecting angle bars substantiiillv as shown and described.

web-alates or bars, transverse Strengthening bai-s, brackets and knee plates for securing said parts together substantially ns and for the purpose set. forth.

'i'. ln a ship having holds divided by a pliiialitv of transverse bulkheads, aiid constrncted with in and out. strokes of plating. the combination of a pliiralit'v of |ongitndiiials su iporting each stroke of plating between t ie keel and sheer strokes, with pei'- foiateil transverse web-fraiiics aiiil arched rirdera intermediate the transverse bulkicads, secured to the plating by joggled transverse angle bars: said longitudinats lieing adapted by iiotching near their niiillength. to pass ont through perforatioiis in said web fraines tlush with their outer edge` to efl`eel contact and connection with the plating: water ballast chainbers along the upper wings of the holds supported by an inner `skin; strengthening bars, bracket or knee plates and bars connecting the ends of longitudinals with the transverse bulkheads substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. ln a single deck vessel with lower ballast tanks, the combination of an upper or inner bottom and inner skin supported bv t n plurality of continuons longitudinal girders attached to widc spaced web frauies. j with a lower bottoni, or shell, constructed i willi transverse web plates having perforations near their outer-mar 'ns,lon itndinal frames, or gil-ders, note ed at lntervals adapted to be inserted in the perforatiousi of the web plates, the uncut outer mar inst of the web plates, and their bars, sente in the notches of the longitudinal frames, the edges of said frames being hrought to a position in contact with the bottom and shell plating, or tlush with the edges of the weh plates, intermediate transverse web plates ocated between the lower and the upper lon itudinal girders, transverse, horizontal, andx vertical an lo bars and bracket lates for securing said mrts together su `tantially as shown an described.

t). Inv n hull the combination with transverse web plates having perforations near their outer margins, and longitudinal frames or g'irders 'extending throu hout the hull. note ed at intervals ada )te to be inserted in the perforations of t e web plates, the uncut outer margins of the weh plates and hars seated in the notches of the longitudinal frames, the edges of said frames being brought to a position tlnsh with the edges of the web plates and bars, and in contact. with the she l plating; transverse bulkheads, vertical and transverse angle bars, plate liners, bracket and knee lates with bars for seeurin said parts toget er substantially as set forlil.

l0. In ship construction the combination ot transverse arched andere and transverse u eh frames, tho plates of which are perforated near their upper and outer margins res|`wetivel v, plarerl throughout the holds will appropriato intervals from how to `tern of the ship, longitudinal frames or uit-ders note-hed and adapted to be inserted iu tht` pertoratious of the weh plates, with alternate longitudinal frames or girders abutting on said weh plates and secured thereto hy ta'aelcets and angle hars; unuotehed longitudinal and uuperforated transverse melnhel's, vertical and transverse angle lars tm' seeuring parts together suh- Jautially as aud for the urpose set forth.

JOSEIIY lt. OLDIIAM.

iV il nessus:

ll. ll. Fam', I". l". Dumm'. 

